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Documentation Supporting WAM

There are basically three types of 'documentation' that support the development of WAM:

  • The notes/reports/papers written over the years by the author of this website
  • The data sets extracted from various sources to support the development of 'models.'
  • The 'open literature' reports on which all of the analysis is based

All of this information is made accessible here.

Because links to documents often disappear from the Internet without warning, open literature reports have been downloaded and made available on this website. The original version, should it still be available, can generally be found by entering the title of the document, in between quote marks, in Google's search box.

Below, click on any title to open the pertinent report/note/document


  • The Evolution of the Permit

    This report examines the evolution of the permit from the first issue data, January 1, 1994, to the present day, with the latest version signed off on June 1, 2011 and still defines current operating procedures. - March 28, 2017

  • Morgan France's Water Budget Approach

    Since the development of the Deep Creek Watershed Management Plan, Morgan France has been advocating the development of a ‘water budget’ approach for allocating the waters of Deep Creek Lake equitably among its stakeholders. MDE and DNR have declined to develop such a model. There has been considerable confusion as to how to go about its development and what it would entail. After many discussions with Morgan, this note attempts to express his thought processes in the form of a model and examine it against historical information published in Brookfield’s annual reports. The basic conclusions is that it is possible to construct such a model. - April 2, 2017.

  • A Water Allocation Methodology for Predicting Water Releases from Deep Creek Hydro

    This report attempts to define the requirements for a water allocation methodology (WAM), also referred to as a “water budget” model along the line suggested by Morgan France and how it might be used. - April 8, 2017.

  • Possible Changes to MDE Permit #GA1992S009

    This note suggests and rationalizes possible changes to Permit #GA1992S009 issued to Brookfield, Inc., issued by MDE, which allows the former to operate the Deep Creek Lake Hydroelectric Project. The principal changes suggested are to do away with the TER protocol and replace the mandatory water water schedule with a predictive methodology. Also suggested is to include the lake property owners as major stakeholders in the permit. - April 24, 2017.

  • Annual Graphs of Lake Level and Generator Status

    This note presents graphs of the annual variation of lake levels and generator status from data courtesy of Jeff Leeks. The results are in essential agreement with the daily average data lake level data extracted from Brookhaven’s annual reports. - April 26, 2017.

  • Processing the USGS River Gage Data

    To analyze the performance of the Deep Creek Hydro Project two types of data are available to do so, lake level data and river gage data. Lake level data contain information about when the hydroelectric turbines are operating or not, via a ON/OFF data field, while river gage data are obtained from the USGS web site who operate these gages, with river flow rate being the item of interest. By analyzing the combined data sets one can determine the amount of water released, the duration of the release, whether one or both turbines are operating, and whether the bypass flow is open or not and at what setting. The average speed of the water flowing downstream can also be determined. Theoretically partial turbine speed can also be determined, but it appears that the turbines are operated either with full open or fully closed mode. - April 19, 2017.

  • Bypass Flow Model

    The hydroelectric turbines at the hydroelectric facilities have a bypass flow capability, meaning water from the lake can flow into the tailrace without going through the turbines. This has been used to satisfy minimum flow requirements in the Youghiogheny River when releases through the turbines are too large and not desired. - March 6, 2014

  • Stage-Storage Diagram

    A stage-storage diagram expresses how much water is in the lake at a given water level. The lake is not a cylindrical volume. The shoreline areas slope gradually into the lake. This note describes how the stage-storage curve is constructed using the latest bathymetry and how it compares with other versions that are floating around. - August 30, 2013.

  • Repairing the Deep Creek Hydroelectric Turbine Generators

    This note is in response to Barry Weinberg’s email, dated 31 July 2012, requesting our(SPORE) reaction to the MDE/Brookfield interchanges on how to reduce leakage at the power plant to help maintain lake levels. This has become a report on how Francis turbines operate. - August 20, 2012.

  • What is One ft of Water Worth to Brookfield?

    In looking at alternatives to manage the waters of Deep Creek Lake the question often arose as what is one foot of water worth to the generator owner, Brookfield? In the absence of direct information from Brookfield as to the revenue capability of the generator facility one has to resort to other means to estimate income and then determine the price/cost of one foot of lake water. Such a number was generated. - August 19, 2012.

  • Evaporation from Deep Creek Lake

    Evaporation from the surface of Deep Creek Lake is not available as a direct measurement. It has been estimated, however, from measurements made over a long period of time at the Savage River Reservoir. It is estimated that Deep Creek Lake can loose about 2.2 ft of water due to evaporation. - December 24, 2013.



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